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Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review
Prachaya Srivanitchapoom1, Sanjay Pandey2, Mark Hallett3
1Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700, Thailand; Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|September 10, 2014
Summary
Parkinson's disease drooling, often due to impaired salivary clearance, significantly impacts patients. Botulinum toxin injections offer the most effective current treatment for this non-motor symptom.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Gastroenterology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) presents with motor and non-motor symptoms.
- Drooling (excessive saliva) is a distressing non-motor symptom in PD patients.
- This symptom negatively impacts patients' physical and psychosocial well-being and that of their caregivers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of drooling in Parkinson's disease.
- To discuss the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options for PD-related drooling.
- To highlight areas for future research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on Parkinson's disease and drooling.
- Analysis of the pathophysiology, focusing on impaired intra-oral salivary clearance.
- Evaluation of current and potential treatment strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
Main Results:
- Impaired intra-oral salivary clearance is the likely primary cause of drooling in PD.
- Dopaminergic agents show limited efficacy in improving salivary clearance and controlling drooling.
- Local injections of botulinum toxin serotypes A and B into salivary glands are the most effective treatment currently available.
Conclusions:
- Further research is crucial to elucidate the exact pathophysiology of drooling in PD.
- Development of standardized diagnostic criteria and severity assessment tools is needed.
- Targeted research will facilitate the formulation of specific treatments to improve patient care for drooling in Parkinson's disease.
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