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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

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Heterogeneity and cancer.

Kimberly H Allison, George W Sledge

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cancer heterogeneity, understood through genomic studies, impacts patient outcomes and treatment response. Novel technologies may enable early monitoring of clonal subtypes for improved prognosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Cancer heterogeneity is a key factor influencing patient outcomes but was poorly understood at the molecular level.
    • Genomic studies have advanced the understanding of cancer heterogeneity, revealing potential therapeutic strategies.
    • Intratumoral heterogeneity within primary tumors and between primary and metastatic sites is a critical area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the molecular underpinnings of cancer heterogeneity.
    • To investigate how intratumoral heterogeneity affects therapeutic response.
    • To highlight the potential of novel technologies in monitoring and managing cancer heterogeneity.

    Main Methods:

    • Genomic studies analyzing primary tumors and metastases.
    • Evaluation of clonal heterogeneity in primary and metastatic cancers.
    • Assessment of novel technologies like circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA.

    Main Results:

    • Genomic studies have significantly improved the understanding of cancer heterogeneity.
    • Clonal heterogeneity in primary and metastatic sites influences response to therapy due to clonal selection.
    • Emerging technologies offer new ways to monitor cancer heterogeneity.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding cancer heterogeneity is crucial for improving patient prognosis.
    • Monitoring clonal evolution using novel technologies can guide early therapeutic intervention.
    • Targeting cancer heterogeneity presents a promising avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy.