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Loads on the lumbar trunk during level walking.

R Cromwell1, A B Schultz, R Beck

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, Illinois 60064.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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This study estimated internal lumbar trunk loads during walking. Peak erector spinae muscle contractions were around 140 N per side, indicating spine compressions of 1.2 times body weight.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Spinal Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding the internal forces on the lumbar trunk during locomotion is crucial for injury prevention and rehabilitation.
  • Previous research has often relied on estimations or simplified models for trunk loading during dynamic activities like walking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the internal loads acting on the lumbar trunk during level walking.
  • To quantify muscle contraction forces within the lumbar trunk during gait.

Main Methods:

  • Measured myoelectric activity of eight trunk muscle pairs in 10 healthy males during isometric exertions and level walking at two cadences (72 and 120 steps/min).
  • Calibrated muscle force/activity relationships using static tasks.
  • Employed a 22-muscle biomechanical model to predict muscle forces during walking based on calibrated myoelectric data.

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Main Results:

  • Peak contraction forces for iliocostalis muscles were approximately 55 N per side.
  • Total erector spinae peak contractions were estimated at 140 N per side.
  • Other monitored muscles showed less than 15 N per side contraction forces, suggesting peak trunk compression of 1.2 times body weight and moments of 15 Nm.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides quantitative estimates of lumbar trunk muscle forces during level walking.
  • Findings suggest that walking generates significant, but manageable, compressive loads and moments on the lumbar spine.
  • This data can inform the design of interventions aimed at reducing spinal load during daily activities.