Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
11:02

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.4K

Metabolomics in nephrotoxicity

Ying-Yong Zhao, Rui-Chao Lint

    Advances in Clinical Chemistry
    |September 20, 2014
    PubMed

    Insights

    Nephrotoxicity, or kidney damage, is often caused by drugs and pollutants. Metabolomics offers a new way to study kidney injury by looking at many molecules at once, improving our understanding of disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Nephrotoxicity results from hemodynamic changes, direct cellular injury, inflammation, or excretion obstruction.
    • Therapeutic drugs and environmental pollutants are common causes of kidney toxicity.
    • Current understanding of nephrotoxicity mechanisms is limited by research focusing on few risk markers, leading to inadequate biomarkers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the potential of metabolomics in understanding nephrotoxicity.
    • To identify novel molecular pathways involved in kidney injury.
    • To improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for nephrotoxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) for comprehensive metabolite screening.
    • Applied metabolomics to simultaneously analyze a wide array of metabolites.
    • Investigated the role of identified metabolites in nephrotoxicity development and progression.

    Main Results:

    • Metabolomics enables simultaneous screening of numerous metabolites, offering a broader view of kidney injury.
    • This approach can uncover complex molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of nephrotoxicity.
    • Identified potential new biomarkers and pathways contributing to renal toxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Metabolomics provides a powerful tool to overcome limitations of traditional research in nephrotoxicity.
    • A deeper understanding of biochemical pathways is crucial for advancing drug development and treatment for kidney diseases.
    • This research highlights the potential of metabolomics for more sensitive and specific assessment of kidney injury.

    More Related Videos

    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment05:00

    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

    Published on: June 17, 2020

    7.0K
    Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice10:31

    Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

    Published on: May 2, 2025

    790

    Related Concept Videos

    Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

    Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

    Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
    228
    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

    In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
    271
    Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

    Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

    Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
    319
    Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

    Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

    Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
    93
    Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

    Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

    Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
    187
    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

    Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

    In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
    357