[Emissions of NH3, N2O, and NO from swine manure solid storage in winter]

Swine manure solid storage is a typical management in rural area of China. In order to investigate the characteristics of NH3, N2O and NO emissions during manure storage in winter (Nov., 2012 to Feb., 2013), two treatments were conducted: non-covered (NC) and covered (C) with straws, and each treatment had three times of pile-turning during the 73 days storage. The emission fluxes of three nitrogen gases (NH3, N2O and NO) were measured and the profile-N2O concentrations inside the swine pile profile and in the soil under the pile were also measured. The results indicated that 2.1%-2.6%, 0.02% and -0.000 25% of total nitrogen were lost in the form of NH3, N2O and NO respectively during the whole swine manure solid storage. The nitrogen gases in the two treatments had the same variation characteristics, but all the nitrogen gases were reduced in the covered treatment. In the early storage stage, NH3 emission peak occurred first and then the emissions of N2O and NO started increasing. In the middle storage stage, the emissions of NH3 and NO showed mutual growth and decline trend. In the late storage stage, N2O emission peak was twice higher than that in the early stage, while NH3 and NO emissions showed a slight increase. Before and after pile-turning operation, NH3 emission had little change, but N2O emission was decreasing and NO emission was rising after pile-turning.