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Physical activity and cognitive vitality.

Ruchika Shaurya Prakash1, Michelle W Voss, Kirk I Erickson

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;

Annual Review of Psychology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular physical activity (PA) may reduce cognitive decline and enhance brain function, particularly in older adults. More research is needed for younger populations and to understand genetic influences.

Keywords:
cognitive functioningexerciselife spanneural plasticityneurogenesisphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognized for its potential impact on cognitive health.
  • Understanding the interplay between PA, cognition, and neural functioning is crucial for public health.
  • Genetic factors may influence how individuals respond to PA regarding cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking physical activity, cognitive vitality, and neural functioning.
  • To explore the moderating role of genetic factors in these associations.
  • To identify gaps and future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of prospective epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of research across the lifespan, from childhood to older adulthood.
  • Evaluation of cognitive tasks primarily supported by the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Main Results:

  • Prospective studies show PA is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline.
  • Evidence suggests PA preserves and enhances cognitive vitality and neural circuitry in older adults.
  • Benefits are most pronounced for tasks reliant on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity demonstrates a positive association with cognitive vitality and neural functioning, especially in older adults.
  • Further well-powered randomized controlled trials are needed for children and young adults.
  • Future research should integrate genetic/epigenetic factors and multimodal interventions for comprehensive cognitive enhancement.