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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

35
DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
35
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

23
Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
23
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

24
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
24
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

45
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
45
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

11
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
11
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

42
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
42

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Diabetic neuropathy: Part 2.

Anu Gupta, Yashdeep Gupta

    JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
    |September 27, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Effective management of diabetic neuropathy involves controlling high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) and preventing foot complications. Future treatments may include cell-based therapies and targeted drug delivery systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Endocrinology
    • Diabetology

    Background:

    • Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus.
    • It can lead to significant morbidity, including foot ulcers and infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize current and future management strategies for diabetic neuropathy.
    • To highlight the importance of glycemic control and foot care.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on diabetic neuropathy management.
    • Discussion of traditional, rational, and novel therapeutic approaches.

    Main Results:

    • Effective hyperglycaemia management is crucial.
    • Symptom control and prevention of foot ulcers/infections through screening are key.
    • Novel therapies like cell-based treatments and targeted drug delivery show promise.

    Conclusions:

    • Current mainstays of diabetic neuropathy management include hyperglycaemia control, symptom management, and foot complication prevention.
    • Future therapeutic landscape will incorporate advanced treatments such as cell-based therapies and targeted drug delivery systems.