Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.3K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.3K
The Born-Haber Cycle02:44

The Born-Haber Cycle

21.1K
Lattice Energy 
21.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.7K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.7K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

44.5K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
44.5K
Coulomb's Law01:30

Coulomb's Law

9.3K
Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved.
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the...
9.3K
Kohlraush’s Law and its Applications01:29

Kohlraush’s Law and its Applications

201
 Kohlrausch's law explains that at infinite dilution, where dissociation is complete, each ion's contribution to the conductivity of the electrolyte is independent of the nature of other ions present in the solution. It also implies that when an electrolyte is highly diluted, the conductance of the electrolyte is the sum of the individual conductances of the ions it generates upon dissociation. The quantity of electricity an ion carries is proportional to its molar ionic conductance, which...
201

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Robotic-assisted anterior and posterior cervical spine surgeries.

Musculoskeletal surgery·2025
Same author

A practical evidence-based approach to management of type 2 diabetes in children and young people (CYP): UK consensus.

BMC medicine·2024
Same author

Do baseline patient reported outcome measures predict changes in self-reported function, following a chronic pain rehabilitation programme?

British journal of pain·2023
Same author

A practical approach to continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) and FreeStyle Libre systems (isCGM) in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2022
Same author

Sex-specific differences and how to handle them in early psoriatic arthritis.

Arthritis research & therapy·2022
Same author

Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis by immuno-PCR assay based on mycobacterial antigen 85 complex detection.

Letters in applied microbiology·2021
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.2K

K(L) - K(S) mass difference from lattice QCD.

Z Bai1, N H Christ1, T Izubuchi2

  • 1Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents the first lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculation of the K_{L}-K_{S} mass difference. The results closely match experimental values, highlighting the significance of disconnected diagrams in this calculation.

More Related Videos

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
09:41

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide

Published on: May 23, 2025

642
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.2K
Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
09:41

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide

Published on: May 23, 2025

642
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The K_{L}-K_{S} mass difference is a fundamental parameter in particle physics.
  • Previous calculations have faced challenges in fully incorporating all relevant quantum effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the first complete lattice QCD calculation of the K_{L}-K_{S} mass difference.
  • To investigate the role of disconnected diagrams in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a 2+1 flavor domain wall fermion ensemble.
  • Employing heavier-than-physical pion and kaon masses.
  • Incorporating a quenched charm quark for Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani cancellation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a K_{L}-K_{S} mass difference of ΔM_{K}=3.19(41)(96)×10^{-12} MeV.
  • Observed significant contributions from disconnected diagrams, challenging the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule.
  • Results are comparable to experimental measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The first complete lattice QCD calculation of ΔM_{K} is successfully reported.
  • Disconnected diagrams play a crucial role, indicating a breakdown of the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule in this context.
  • The calculation provides a valuable benchmark for future theoretical and experimental studies.