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When seeking influences believing and promotes posttraumatic adaptation.

Andrew J Smith1, Katharine Donlon, Scott R Anderson

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Virginia Tech , 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg , VA 24061 , USA.

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Seeking social support after mass shootings helps reduce distress by boosting perceived support and self-efficacy. These positive effects strengthen as posttraumatic stress symptoms worsen.

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PTSDcollective traumamass shootingresilienceschool shootingself efficacysocial support

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Social support and self-efficacy are crucial for adaptation after trauma.
  • Longitudinal studies on dynamic causal processes in mass violence adaptation are scarce.
  • This study examines social support seeking's role in student survivors of mass university shootings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if social support seeking indirectly reduces distress severity.
  • To investigate the mediating roles of perceived social support and self-efficacy.
  • To explore how these indirect effects change with increasing posttraumatic stress severity.

Main Methods:

  • Path analysis using Mplus 7.2 to test a moderated-serial-mediation model.
  • Longitudinal data collected from 1191 Virginia Tech students 3-4 months and 1-year post-2007 shootings.
  • Online surveys were used for data collection.

Main Results:

  • Social support seeking indirectly reduced distress via perceived social support and self-efficacy.
  • Perceived social support positively influenced self-efficacy.
  • These indirect effects intensified as posttraumatic stress symptom severity increased.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the hypothesized moderated-serial-mediation model.
  • Clinical interventions should consider social support and self-efficacy in trauma recovery.
  • Contextual factors significantly influence posttraumatic adaptation and recovery.