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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

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Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
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Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
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Scale-invariant entropy-based theory for dynamic ordering.

Shripad P Mahulikar1, Priti Kumari1

  • 1School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi 175001, Himachal, India.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|October 3, 2014
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Summary

Dynamically ordered structures, like dissipative structures, can exist if their sustainability criterion is met, blocking their destruction. This thermodynamic approach offers a unified view of universal ordering based on entropy.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Complex Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Dynamically ordered structures, such as dissipative structures, manifest across diverse scales.
  • Understanding the creation, existence, and destruction of order is fundamental in physics.
  • Open systems engage in mass and/or energy exchange with their surroundings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of an isolated embedding system for analyzing open systems.
  • To present a scale-invariant theoretical analysis of order dynamics using thermodynamic principles.
  • To mathematically define a sustainability criterion for the existence of dynamic order.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis based on thermodynamic principles.
  • Scale-invariant approach to study order creation, existence, and destruction.
  • Mathematical definition of a sustainability criterion for dynamic order.

Main Results:

  • A sustainability criterion for order existence is mathematically defined based on interactions with surroundings.
  • The interrelationship of physical parameters during sustained dynamic order is established.
  • A sufficient condition for dynamic order existence is identified when its sustainability criterion is met.

Conclusions:

  • The scale-invariant approach provides a unified physical understanding of universal dynamic ordering.
  • Entropy considerations are central to understanding the existence and sustainability of dynamic order.
  • Blocking the destruction path is key to sustaining dynamic order.