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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Transfer and expression of MHC genes.

B Malissen1

  • 1Centre d'Immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille-Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cédex 9, France.

Immunology Today
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are using gene transfer and mutagenesis to understand how cell-surface molecules, like histocompatibility antigens, function in T lymphocyte responses. This helps uncover the complex interactions of these crucial immunological molecules.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibodies have identified many T lymphocyte cell-surface molecules.
  • The collective function and interaction of these molecules remain largely unknown.
  • Histocompatibility antigens were the first such molecules characterized at the DNA level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure-function relationships of immunologically relevant molecules.
  • To dissect the behavior of molecules like histocompatibility antigens using advanced genetic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing gene transfer techniques to introduce modified genes into cells.
  • Employing in-vitro directed mutagenesis to alter specific gene sequences.
  • Investigating the functional consequences of genetic modifications on protein products.

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Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous &#946;2-Microglobulin
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Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry
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Main Results:

  • Advances in DNA manipulation allow precise gene alteration (base changes, deletions, insertions).
  • Transfection of genes into cells enables the study of protein product function.
  • These methods facilitate the dissection of complex molecular behaviors in immunology.

Conclusions:

  • Gene transfer and directed mutagenesis are powerful tools for understanding T lymphocyte cell-surface molecules.
  • These techniques are crucial for elucidating the collective functions and interactions of immunological molecules.
  • Further research using these methods will enhance our knowledge of histocompatibility antigens and related molecules.