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Trace elements and immune responses.

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  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St john's, Newfoundland, Canada AIA 1R8.

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Malnutrition impairs immune function, affecting cell-mediated immunity and host resistance. This review highlights the critical role of trace elements in combating infection and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Malnutrition and infection are closely linked, impacting immunocompetence.
  • Severe childhood malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor) severely impairs immune functions.
  • Clinical malnutrition involves multiple nutrient deficiencies, necessitating individual factor analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of trace elements in host resistance to infection.
  • To understand the impact of individual dietary factors on immune responses.
  • To explore the relationship between trace elements and pathological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nutritional status and immunocompetence.
  • Examination of immune system components affected by malnutrition.
  • Focus on the influence of specific trace elements on host defense.

Main Results:

  • Impairment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in malnourished children.
  • Deficiencies in complement system and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) microbicidal function.
  • Compromised secretory IgA antibody response in malnutrition.

Conclusions:

  • Trace elements are crucial for maintaining host resistance against infections.
  • Understanding individual nutrient roles is vital for addressing malnutrition-related immune dysfunction.
  • Further research into trace elements can inform strategies against infectious and pathological diseases.