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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.7K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.2K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.2K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.1K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.0K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K

T-cell antigen receptor function: the concept of autoaggression.

M K Hoffmann1

  • 1Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Immunology Today
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) recognition by T-cell receptors may be the primary event in T-cell effector function. Foreign antigens might play a secondary, accessory role in this immune response.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T lymphocytes require recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded self-antigen alongside foreign antigen for effective interaction.
  • The precise regulatory function of MHC in T-lymphocyte action remains a subject of debate within the scientific community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis that MHC recognition is the consequential event in T-cell effector function.
  • To challenge the prevailing view that MHC's role is solely to restrict T-cell responses to foreign antigens.

Main Methods:

  • This study presents a theoretical discussion and analysis of existing immunological principles.
  • It involves re-evaluating the established roles of MHC and foreign antigens in T-cell activation.

More Related Videos

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K
Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

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Main Results:

  • The paper proposes that T-cell receptor recognition of MHC-encoded self-antigen is the critical determinant of T-cell effector function.
  • Conversely, foreign antigens may serve a subordinate, accessory role in modulating this primary interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a paradigm shift in understanding T-cell activation, emphasizing the primary role of self-MHC recognition.
  • This perspective redefines the functional significance of MHC in adaptive immunity and T-cell responses.