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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

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Cell cycle control and seed development.

Ricardo A Dante1, Brian A Larkins2, Paolo A Sabelli3

  • 1Embrapa Agricultural Informatics Campinas, Brazil.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|October 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seed development involves diverse cell cycle types, including asymmetric division and endoreduplication, crucial for embryo and endosperm growth. Understanding these cell cycles and their regulators impacts seed development and function.

Keywords:
cell divisioncotyledoncyclin-dependent kinaseembryoendoreduplicationendospermretinoblastoma-relatedseed coat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Seed development integrates genetic, metabolic, physiological, and environmental factors.
  • Diverse cell cycle types (asymmetric division, acytokinetic mitosis, mitotic division, endoreduplication) occur sequentially during seed development.
  • These cell cycles are essential for forming the embryo and endosperm, products of double fertilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding cell cycle mechanisms during seed development.
  • To discuss the impact of these mechanisms on seed tissue growth, development, and function.
  • To highlight the roles of core cell cycle regulators in different cell cycle types.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on seed development and cell cycle regulation.
  • Analysis of the roles of key cell cycle regulators: cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors, Retinoblastoma-Related/E2F pathway, and proteasome-ubiquitin system.
  • Examination of cell cycle contributions to cereal endosperm development.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric cell divisions establish cell fate polarity in the embryo.
  • Endoreduplication drives cell enlargement and storage metabolite accumulation in seed compartments.
  • Cell cycle regulators critically control cell proliferation and differentiation during seed development.
  • Proliferative cycles and endoreduplication significantly contribute to cereal endosperm development.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated cell cycle regulation is fundamental to seed development.
  • Understanding cell cycle diversity and regulation provides insights into seed structure, growth, and function.
  • Further research into cell cycle regulators can inform strategies for improving seed characteristics.