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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
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Chronic post-traumatic headache in pediatrics.

Ishaq Abu-Arafeh1, Rachel Howells

  • 1Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK.

Pain Management
|October 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) in children can occur after head injuries, presenting similarly to primary headaches like migraines. Management should focus on the child

Keywords:
adolescentschildhoodhead injuryhead traumaheadachemigrainepost-traumatic headachepostconcussion syndrometension-type headache

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • Headaches and minor head injuries are frequent in children.
  • Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is defined as a new or worsening headache after a head injury.
  • PTH can be acute (resolving within 3 months) or chronic (persisting beyond 3 months).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the understanding of post-traumatic headache (PTH) in pediatric populations.
  • To discuss the proposed mechanisms and clinical features of PTH.
  • To guide appropriate investigation and management strategies for pediatric PTH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on pediatric post-traumatic headache.
  • Synthesis of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic considerations.

Main Results:

  • The pathogenesis of PTH remains incompletely understood, with proposed mechanisms including axonal injury and metabolic disturbances.
  • Clinical features of PTH often mimic primary headache disorders, such as migraine and tension-type headache.
  • PTH generally follows a favorable prognosis in children.

Conclusions:

  • Investigations and management for pediatric PTH should be tailored to the specific headache type and the child's clinical needs.
  • Understanding the similarities between PTH and primary headaches is crucial for effective diagnosis.
  • Further research into PTH pathogenesis may improve targeted treatments.