Equine piroplasmosis.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi.
• These protozoan parasites impact horse health worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the equine population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi.
• To detail the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for equine piroplasmosis.
• To focus on the current epidemiological status of these parasites in North America.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and veterinary resources.
• Synthesis of information on parasite biology, disease transmission, and clinical manifestations.
• Analysis of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

• Theileria equi and Babesia caballi exhibit distinct biological characteristics and disease patterns.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical signs, serological tests, and molecular methods.
• Treatment protocols vary, and complete parasite elimination can be challenging.

Conclusions:

• Equine piroplasmosis remains a critical concern for global equine health.
• Understanding parasite divergence is key for effective disease management and control strategies.
• Continued surveillance and research are essential, particularly in regions like North America.