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Vesicular Stomatitis Virus.
1United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|February 24, 2024
Summary
Vesicular stomatitis (VS), a livestock disease, periodically causes outbreaks in the US, potentially influenced by climate change affecting insect vectors. Animal health officials manage its spread and trade impacts.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Climate Science
Background:
- Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a significant vector-borne livestock disease caused by VS New Jersey virus and VS Indiana virus.
- The disease is endemic in parts of North and Central America, with periodic incursions and outbreaks in the United States.
- Past outbreaks in the US have shown patterns of incursion, overwintering, and expansion over multiple years.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiology and transmission patterns of vesicular stomatitis in the United States.
- To highlight the role of regulatory responses in managing VS outbreaks and trade.
- To underscore the potential impact of climate change on VS transmission dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical outbreak data in the southwestern and Rocky Mountain regions of the US over the past 20 years.
- Analysis of disease circulation patterns, including virus overwintering and expansion.
- Consideration of factors influencing disease transmission, such as insect vectors and climate variables.
Main Results:
- VS outbreaks in the US occur periodically, characterized by incursion, overwintering, and expansion phases.
- Animal health regulations are crucial for controlling disease spread and mitigating trade disruptions.
- Recent outbreaks suggest a possible link between climate change, insect vector behavior, and VS transmission.
Conclusions:
- Vesicular stomatitis poses a recurring threat to US livestock, necessitating ongoing surveillance and control measures.
- Climate change may alter the geographic range and seasonality of VS outbreaks by affecting vector populations.
- Integrated strategies considering climate impacts are essential for future VS management and prevention.
