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Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Forewarning reduces fraud susceptibility in vulnerable consumers.

Susanne Scheibe1, Nanna Notthoff2, Josephine Menkin3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Groningen.

Basic and Applied Social Psychology
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Summary

Forewarning consumers about telemarketing fraud, especially the specific scam, can reduce acceptance. However, this protection diminishes over time for the same scam warnings.

Keywords:
Telemarketing fraudagingdecision makingforewarningprevention

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Consumer Protection
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Telemarketing fraud disproportionately targets older adults.
  • Laboratory studies suggest forewarning can mitigate influence tactics.
  • The effectiveness of forewarning in real-world scenarios, particularly for past victims, remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of forewarning in protecting individuals against telemarketing fraud.
  • To compare the effectiveness of warning about the same scam versus a different scam.
  • To assess the temporal decay of forewarning effects.

Main Methods:

  • A field experiment was conducted with participants previously exposed to telemarketing fraud.
  • Participants received warnings about a specific telemarketing scam or a different scam.
  • Two or four weeks later, participants were exposed to a mock telemarketing scam pitch.

Main Results:

  • Both types of warnings significantly reduced unequivocal acceptance of the mock scam.
  • Warnings about the same scam led to more outright refusals compared to warnings about a different scam.
  • The protective effect of the same scam warning decreased over a four-week period.

Conclusions:

  • Forewarning is a viable strategy to combat telemarketing fraud, particularly for vulnerable populations.
  • Specificity of the warning enhances immediate protection but may not offer lasting defense.
  • Findings highlight the practical application of social psychological principles in consumer protection.