Role of oxidative stress on chronic kidney disease progression

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue, prevalent in Indonesia, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the leading cause of mortality.
• CVD in CKD patients stems from both traditional and non-traditional risk factors.
• Oxidative stress emerges as a significant non-traditional risk factor, explaining high CVD incidence and offering a therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease among chronic kidney disease patients.
• To explore the mechanisms contributing to increased oxidative stress in CKD, including the impact of hemodialysis.

Main Methods:

• The study focuses on the imbalance between oxidant activity and antioxidant systems in CKD patients.
• It examines how hemodialysis, particularly with cellulose and semi-cellulose membranes, contributes to increased oxidants.
• The research explores the inflammatory cascade initiated by complement pathway activation.

Main Results:

• Oxidative stress is identified as a major contributor to cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.
• An imbalance characterized by increased oxidant activity and a diminished antioxidant system is observed in CKD.
• Hemodialysis using specific membranes was found to increase oxidants, activating the complement pathway and escalating oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

• Oxidative stress is a critical non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
• Therapeutic interventions targeting oxidative stress present a promising avenue for managing CVD in CKD patients.
• Understanding the interplay between hemodialysis, inflammation, and oxidative stress is crucial for improving patient outcomes.