Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 21, 2026
05:51
Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
Published on: July 24, 2016
19.1K
[Parechovirus meningoencephalitis without CSF pleocytosis]
Sara Juul Mansachs1, Hristo Stanchev
1Pædiatrisk Afdeling, Næstved Sygehus, Ringstedgade 61, 4700 Næstved. sara.mansachs@gmail.com.
Ugeskrift for Laeger
|October 29, 2014
Summary
Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) can cause meningoencephalitis in newborns. Our case suggests HPeV3 should be considered in neonatal seizures, even without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Virology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) induced meningoencephalitis is a rare condition that can mimic enterovirus (EV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningoencephalitis.
- EV and HSV meningoencephalitis can present without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, complicating differential diagnosis.
Observation:
- A case of an eight-day-old infant presenting with seizures but lacking CSF pleocytosis is described.
- The infant was diagnosed with HPeV3 meningoencephalitis, a condition with limited reported cases.
Findings:
- Analysis of existing literature indicates a trend of HPeV3 meningoencephalitis in neonates presenting without CSF pleocytosis.
- This suggests that the absence of CSF pleocytosis does not rule out HPeV3 as a diagnosis in neonates with seizures.
Implications:
- HPeV3 should be included in the differential diagnosis for neonatal seizures, particularly when CSF pleocytosis is absent.
- Early consideration of HPeV3 can lead to timely diagnosis and appropriate management, potentially improving outcomes for affected infants.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Viral Meningitis
178
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
178
01:19Encephalitis l: Introduction
5
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
5
01:26Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
11
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
11
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
5
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
5
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
3
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
3
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
52
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
52