Force-controlled biting alters postural control in bipedal and unipedal stance

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Human Motor Control
• Sensory-Motor Integration

Background:

• Human posture involves constant adjustments to counteract body sway.
• The craniomandibular system's (CMS) role in postural control is not fully understood.
• Previous research suggests biting may enhance postural stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of submaximum biting on postural stability.
• To examine the impact of biting on trunk and head kinematics.
• To explore the functional coupling between the CMS and postural control systems.

Main Methods:

• Twelve healthy adults performed force-controlled biting (FB) and non-biting (NB) tasks.
• Postural stability was assessed using center of pressure (COP) displacements on a force platform.
• Trunk and head kinematics were measured via biomechanical motion analysis.

Main Results:

• Force-controlled biting significantly improved postural control, indicated by reduced COP displacements.
• Reduced COP sway during biting was associated with decreased trunk and head oscillations.
• These findings suggest enhanced trunk stiffness during biting.

Conclusions:

• The study provides evidence for functional coupling between the CMS and human postural control.
• Isometric activation of masticatory muscles may enhance trunk stiffness.
• Oral motor activity could be a potential strategy for fall risk reduction in vulnerable populations.