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    Nonlinear conversion efficiency in microresonator frequency combs decreases with broader spectra and more lines. Improving coupling and using multi-soliton states can enhance this efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Quantum optics
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Microresonator-based frequency combs are crucial for precise optical measurements.
    • Understanding nonlinear conversion efficiency is key to optimizing comb generation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the factors influencing nonlinear conversion efficiency in mode-locked frequency combs.
    • To determine how dispersion conditions affect comb efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical modeling of nonlinear dynamics.
    • Numerical simulations of pulse propagation in microresonators.
    • Analysis of efficiency dependence on spectral width and comb line count.

    Main Results:

    • Efficiency degrades with increasing comb spectral width and number of lines.
    • Efficiency is solely dependent on microresonator cold-cavity properties.
    • Efficiency improves with increased coupling coefficient and in multi-soliton states.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonlinear conversion efficiency in microresonator frequency combs is fundamentally limited by spectral broadening.
    • Optimizing coupling and operating in multi-soliton regimes are viable strategies for enhancing comb efficiency.