Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Scalers01:21

Introduction to Scalers

2.7K
2.7K
Conversion of Units01:36

Conversion of Units

26.6K
Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
The first step in the unit conversion is to list the given units and the units required...
26.6K
Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

5.1K
Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
5.1K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

30.2K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
30.2K
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

858
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
858
Scaling01:26

Scaling

700
In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
700

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and body composition of pregnant women personalized nutritional management based on pre-pregnancy BMI and percent body fat.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

A novel homozygous splicing variant in FREM1 expands the phenotypic spectrum of BNAR syndrome: functional validation and successful PGT-M.

BMC medical genomics·2026
Same author

[A fetus with Neurodevelopmental disorders with deformed facial features and distal skeletal abnormalities due to a rare variant of ZMIZ1 gene and literature review].

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics·2026
Same author

The mediating role of BMI in the association between composite dietary antioxidant index and infertility in women: a nationwide population-based study.

BMC women's health·2025
Same author

Mendelian randomization study on the causal link between reproductive behavior and postpartum depression.

Medicine·2025
Same author

[Genetic analysis for a pedigree with Structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome caused by variants of TMEM260 gene].

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics·2025
Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling
06:31

Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling

Published on: May 3, 2019

6.5K

Short and efficient mode-size converter designed by segmented-stepwise method.

Jinghui Zou, Yu Yu, Mengyuan Ye

    Optics Letters
    |November 1, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a compact, efficient mode-size converter using a segmented-stepwise design. This silicon-on-insulator device achieves high conversion efficiency, outperforming longer traditional designs and validated experimentally.

    More Related Videos

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    22.6K
    Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
    07:41

    Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

    Published on: July 30, 2019

    7.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

    Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling
    06:31

    Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling

    Published on: May 3, 2019

    6.5K
    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    22.6K
    Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
    07:41

    Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

    Published on: July 30, 2019

    7.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Efficient mode-size converters are crucial for integrating photonic devices.
    • Traditional linear tapers are often too long for compact photonic integrated circuits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design a short and low-loss mode-size converter.
    • To achieve high conversion efficiency using an optimized design method.

    Main Methods:

    • A segmented-stepwise design method was employed.
    • Two-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (2D-FDTD) method for optimization.
    • Three-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (3D-FDTD) simulation for verification.
    • Electron-beam lithography and inductively-coupled plasma etching for fabrication.

    Main Results:

    • A 20 μm length silicon-on-insulator converter was designed with 95.2% simulated conversion efficiency.
    • 3D-FDTD simulation confirmed 92.1% efficiency.
    • Experimental measurement showed a low conversion loss of -0.62±0.02 dB at 1550 nm.
    • The device effectively connects 12-μm and 0.5-μm waveguides.

    Conclusions:

    • The segmented-stepwise method enables efficient, short mode-size converters.
    • The fabricated device offers comparable performance to much longer linear tapers.
    • This technology is suitable for compact photonic integrated circuits.