Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

50.6K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
50.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

69.7K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
69.7K
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

8.1K
Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
8.1K
Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

12.5K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
12.5K
Angular Momentum01:21

Angular Momentum

1.0K
Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
1.0K
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

16.6K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
16.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-dynamic-range temporal characterization of laser pulses using tunneling ionization.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Human activity recognition at a kilometer range using single-photon LiDAR.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Supervised consumption sites and population-level overdose mortality: a systematic review of recent evidence, 2016-2024.

Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice·2026
Same author

Seasonal variations in suicide mortality in Canada: A nationwide analysis.

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique·2026
Same author

Doctors are at high risk of "complexity fatigue".

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Supervised consumption sites and population-level overdose mortality: a systematic review of recent evidence, 2016-2024.

Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.7K

Creating high-harmonic beams with controlled orbital angular momentum.

Genevieve Gariepy1, Jonathan Leach2, Kyung Taec Kim3

  • 1Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, University of Ottawa and National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is conserved in high-harmonic generation, enabling the creation of extreme ultraviolet and soft-x-ray beams with controllable OAM for advanced microscopy.

More Related Videos

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.4K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.7K
Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.4K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • X-ray science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) enable superresolution in microscopy.
  • Generating extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or soft-x-ray beams with controllable OAM is crucial for higher resolution.
  • Extending superresolution microscopy to molecular or submolecular scales requires precise OAM control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that orbital angular momentum is conserved during high-harmonic generation (HHG).
  • To experimentally verify OAM conservation in HHG using a fundamental beam with |ℓ| = 1.
  • To theoretically show controlled coupling of OAM to any harmonic frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a fundamental beam with orbital angular momentum |ℓ| = 1.
  • Employing interferometry to measure the OAM of generated harmonics.
  • Developing theoretical models for controlled OAM coupling in HHG.

Main Results:

  • Orbital angular momentum is conserved during high-harmonic generation.
  • Experimentally confirmed that each harmonic possesses OAM equal to its harmonic number.
  • Theoretically demonstrated the ability to couple any small OAM value to any harmonic.

Conclusions:

  • High-harmonic generation conserves orbital angular momentum.
  • This work establishes a method for generating XUV/soft-x-ray beams with tunable OAM.
  • The findings pave the way for molecular and submolecular scale superresolution microscopy.