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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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UPDATE ON DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES.

Stella Karantzoulis1, James E Galvin2

  • 1Comprehensive Center on Brain Aging and Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, USA.

Current Translational Geriatrics and Experimental Gerontology Reports
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common dementia, distinct from Alzheimer disease (AD). Early diagnosis is crucial due to unique symptoms and treatment sensitivities, though current criteria lack sensitivity.

Keywords:
AgingAlzheimer’s diseaseBiomarkersDementia with Lewy bodiesGeneticsLewy bodiesNeuroimagingNeuropathologyParkinson’s diseaseRisk ScoresTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most prevalent dementia, following Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • DLB pathology involves Lewy bodies and neuritic plaques, often co-occurring with Alzheimer-type pathology.
  • DLB presents unique challenges including fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, and heightened sensitivity to antipsychotic medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for early and accurate diagnosis of DLB.
  • To address the limitations of current diagnostic criteria for DLB, specifically their insufficient sensitivity.
  • To explore promising diagnostic and management strategies for DLB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features, pathological characteristics, and diagnostic challenges of DLB.
  • Evaluation of current consensus criteria and their sensitivity/specificity.
  • Assessment of emerging diagnostic tools, including composite risk scores and neuroimaging (dopaminergic systems).
  • Consideration of treatment approaches, encompassing non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Current DLB diagnostic criteria, while specific, lack adequate sensitivity for early detection.
  • Composite risk scores show potential for improving diagnostic accuracy.
  • Neuroimaging, particularly targeting dopaminergic systems, offers promise in differentiating DLB from AD.
  • Combined non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments may optimize patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and early diagnosis of DLB is essential due to its distinct clinical profile and treatment risks.
  • Advancements in diagnostic methods, such as risk scores and imaging, are needed to improve sensitivity.
  • A multimodal treatment approach is recommended to enhance cognitive function and quality of life for DLB patients.