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RELATIONSHIP OF GAIT AND COGNITION IN THE ELDERLY.

Raminder Parihar1, Jeannette R Mahoney1, Joe Verghese2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Current Translational Geriatrics and Experimental Gerontology Reports
|December 19, 2013
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Summary

Older adults often experience combined gait and cognitive impairments due to shared brain issues. Understanding these links may help predict and treat dementia risk.

Keywords:
Gaitcognitiondementia riskdual-taskgait phenotypesinflammationneurodegenerationquantitative gait measurementsremediationvascular

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Gait and cognitive impairments are common geriatric syndromes in older adults.
  • These impairments often co-occur, suggesting shared underlying brain substrates and pathologies.
  • Frontal subcortical circuits mediate gait and executive functions, making them vulnerable to age-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review classifications of gait and cognitive impairments.
  • To describe gait phenotypes and common pathological processes.
  • To link motor and cognitive impairments for dementia risk prediction and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of gait and cognitive impairments in older adults.
  • Analysis of common pathological processes (ischemia, inflammation, neurodegeneration).
  • Exploration of the relationship between motor and cognitive functions.

Main Results:

  • Gait and cognitive functions rely on overlapping neural circuits.
  • Age-related pathologies affect these shared circuits, leading to impairments.
  • A link exists between gait and cognitive decline, potentially indicating dementia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Combined gait and cognitive impairments in older adults stem from common neuropathologies.
  • Identifying gait phenotypes can aid in predicting dementia risk.
  • Interventions targeting shared pathways may remediate impairments and reduce dementia risk.