[Atypical fibroxanthoma of the scalp: overview and recent developments]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare, low-malignant mesenchymal tumor.
• It is classified within the fibrohistiocytic tumor group and typically affects photodamaged skin.
• The scalp of elderly men is a common site for AFX development.

Observation:

• Clinical diagnosis of AFX is challenging due to numerous differential diagnoses.
• Potential differential diagnoses include leiomyosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, spindle cell malignant melanoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
• Histological and immunohistochemical examinations are crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Findings:

• AFX demonstrates a very good prognosis following complete excision.
• Micrographically controlled surgery is the preferred treatment method.
• Complete surgical removal ensures favorable patient outcomes.

Implications:

• Accurate and timely diagnosis of AFX is essential for effective treatment.
• Understanding the differential diagnoses aids in appropriate patient management.
• Micrographically controlled surgery represents the gold standard for AFX treatment, ensuring maximal tumor removal and minimizing recurrence.