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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT01:28

Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT

The Proximal Convoluted Tubule, or PCT, plays a pivotal role in the body's filtration system. They are primarily responsible for reabsorbing solutes and water from the filtered fluid produced by the glomeruli. Most of the filtered water, ions, and organic solutes such as glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the PCT.
Transport mechanisms involving sodium ions (Na+) contribute significantly to solute reabsorption. These mechanisms include symport and antiport processes.
A key example is the...
Reabsorption and Secretion in the Loop of Henle01:17

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Loop of Henle

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop has Na+–K+–2Cl− symporters in the apical membranes of its cells. These symporters simultaneously reclaim one sodium ion, one potassium ion, and two chloride ions from the tubular fluid. Sodium ions are actively transported into the interstitial fluid at the base and sides of the cell, diffusing into the vasa recta. Chloride ions move through leakage channels in the basolateral membrane into the interstitial fluid and then into the vasa recta.
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Rat hepatocytes exhibit basolateral Na+/HCO3- cotransport.

E L Renner1, J R Lake, B F Scharschmidt

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Rat hepatocytes exhibit electrogenic basolateral sodium/bicarbonate cotransport, crucial for maintaining intracellular pH. This process is stimulated by bicarbonate and sensitive to SITS, indicating a novel transport mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Physiology
  • Membrane Transport
  • Hepatocyte Function

Background:

  • Hepatocytes play a vital role in maintaining acid-base balance.
  • Understanding ion transport mechanisms, particularly sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-), is crucial for cellular function.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the specific Na+/HCO3- cotransport in rat hepatocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the Na+ and HCO3- transport mechanisms in primary rat hepatocytes.
  • To investigate the role of Na+/HCO3- cotransport in regulating intracellular pH (pHi).
  • To determine the localization and electrogenic nature of this transport system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized primary cultures and plasma membrane vesicles from rat hepatocytes.
  • Measured Na+ uptake and efflux using radiolabeled isotopes (22Na).
  • Assessed intracellular pH (pHi) changes using the fluorescent indicator BCECF.
  • Employed ion gradients, ionophores (valinomycin), and specific inhibitors (SITS, amiloride, DIDS).

Main Results:

  • Extracellular HCO3- significantly stimulated Na+ uptake (approx. 10-fold) in a saturable manner, sensitive to SITS but not amiloride or Cl- removal.
  • An inward HCO3- gradient increased 22Na efflux, and membrane hyperpolarization affected pHi, with both processes being Na+ and SITS-dependent.
  • Electrogenic, SITS-sensitive, and amiloride-insensitive Na+ accumulation was observed in basolateral membrane vesicles under specific ion gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Rat hepatocytes possess an electrogenic basolateral Na+/HCO3- cotransporter.
  • This cotransporter plays a significant role in regulating intracellular pH homeostasis.
  • The findings identify a novel transport mechanism critical for hepatocyte function.