Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

2.6K
Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced...
2.6K
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

1.0K
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
1.0K
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

509
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
509
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

1.0K
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
1.0K
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

2.9K
Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
2.9K
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

4.3K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pseudo-observation regression for sequentially truncated data.

Biometrics·2026
Same author

Visual field inhomogeneities and the architectonics of early visual cortex shape visual working memory.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

Toward generalizable predictive models for DNA-encoded libraries.

Drug discovery today·2026
Same author

Metacognition in Decision-Making Across Domains and Modalities: Evidence From Three Studies.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

A Large-scale Investigation of the Resting-state Alpha-band Activity in Relation to Interindividual Differences in Visual Perception.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

There can be more to consciousness research than theory testing.

Communications psychology·2025
Same journal

Effects of integrating a structured design thinking strategy into generative AI-supported design learning on students' design achievement, creative self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Fukushima treated water release and marine sports.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Mindful parenting and preschoolers' screen dependency behavior: the mediating role of parent-child relationship and the moderating role of effortful control.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic relationships among first-year university students' critical thinking, academic self-concept, and student engagement: a cross-lagged study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

The association between academic major identity and career decision-making difficulty among Chinese college students: a sequential indirect association model of psychological capital and career adaptability.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Job quality and fertility intentions among Chinese migrant workers: the role of traditional fertility beliefs.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.7K

Using multivariate decoding to go beyond contrastive analyses in consciousness research.

Kristian Sandberg1, Lau M Andersen2, Morten Overgaard3

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) can be advanced by using multivariate decoding. This method precisely identifies neural activity patterns that predict conscious experiences on a single trial basis.

Keywords:
MEGconsciousnesscontrastive analysesfMRImultivariate decodingmultivariate pattern analysis

More Related Videos

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
06:35

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010

17.5K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.7K
Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
06:35

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010

17.5K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • The contrastive method has long been dominant in NCC research.
  • Potential precursors and consequences of NCCs may be mistaken for NCCs.
  • Limitations exist in current paradigms beyond the contrastive method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing paradigms for investigating NCCs beyond the contrastive method.
  • To propose multivariate decoding as a supplementary method for NCC research.
  • To highlight the utility of single-trial predictive patterns for identifying NCCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing methodologies for studying NCCs.
  • Proposal of multivariate decoding of neural activity patterns.
  • Emphasis on single-trial analysis for predictive accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate decoding can identify neural activity patterns consistently predictive of conscious experience.
  • This method distinguishes NCCs from their prerequisites and consequences.
  • Predictive accuracy at the single-trial level is key to identifying the NCC proper.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate decoding offers a powerful supplement to traditional NCC research methods.
  • It enables more precise identification of the neural basis of consciousness.
  • Future research should incorporate single-trial predictive analyses for robust NCC findings.