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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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Bismuth ferrite as low-loss switchable material for plasmonic waveguide modulator.

Viktoriia E Babicheva, Sergei V Zhukovsky, Andrei V Lavrinenko

    Optics Express
    |November 18, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
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    New plasmonic modulators using bismuth ferrite offer efficient dynamic signal switching for photonic integrated circuits. These devices enable precise phase and amplitude control of light signals with minimal loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Plasmonic modulators are crucial for high-speed optical signal processing.
    • Dynamic signal switching in photonic integrated circuits requires efficient modulation techniques.
    • Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) exhibits promising electro-optic properties for tunable photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and investigate novel plasmonic modulator designs for dynamic signal switching.
    • To evaluate the performance of a plasmonic waveguide modulator utilizing bismuth ferrite as the tunable material.
    • To explore the modulation capabilities in both phase and amplitude control schemes.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguide modulator with a bismuth ferrite core.

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  • Utilizing the electro-optic effect in bismuth ferrite, where domain reorientation under applied voltage alters the refractive index.
  • Analysis of changes in propagation constant and absorption coefficient of guided modes.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved efficient modulation due to high field confinement, mode cut-offs, and near-zero material losses in bismuth ferrite.
    • Demonstrated a phase control scheme with a π phase shift achieved in a 0.8-μm device with 0.29 dB/μm propagation loss.
    • Predicted an amplitude control scheme with an extinction ratio up to 38 dB/μm and 1.2 dB/μm propagation loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed bismuth ferrite-based plasmonic modulators show high potential for efficient dynamic signal switching in photonic integrated circuits.
    • The device design facilitates effective phase and amplitude modulation through voltage-controlled refractive index changes.
    • These findings pave the way for advanced optical communication and computing systems.