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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination
Published on: January 2, 2026
The assembly of Vif ubiquitin E3 ligase for APOBEC3 degradation
1College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea, dyokim@ynu.ac.kr.
Abstract:
APOBEC3G is a cellular antiviral protein that restricts retroviral infection. In non-permissive cells infected by Vif-deficient HIV-1, the protein mediates the hypermutation of viral DNA through the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase. To counteract the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G, an accessory protein of HIV-1, Vif, forms ubiquitin E3 ligase through assembly with CUL5-RBX2, ELOB-ELOC and CBFβ. Subsequently, Vif recruits APOBEC3G to the complex as a substrate adaptor of ubiquitin E3 ligase and induces poly-ubiquitination of APOBEC3G for its proteasomal degradation (Fig. 1). This review briefly summarizes current understanding of protein-protein interaction between Vif and host factors required for APOBEC3 degradation, based on high resolution structures of APOBEC3 proteins and Vif-CUL5NTD-ELOBC-CBFβ complex.
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