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High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Incorporating real time velocity map image reconstruction into closed-loop coherent control.

C E Rallis1, T G Burwitz1, P R Andrews1

  • 1Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 29, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed rapid 3D momentum imaging to guide ultrafast laser pulses for molecular control. This technique enables real-time feedback for optimizing chemical reactions, enhancing molecular dynamics studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Ultrafast Laser Science
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • Adaptive femtosecond control requires precise feedback on molecular dynamics.
  • Traditional methods for reconstructing 3D momentum from 2D images are slow and labor-intensive.
  • Real-time feedback is crucial for optimizing ultrafast laser control schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop rapid techniques for utilizing 3D momentum information as feedback in adaptive femtosecond control.
  • To enable real-time closed-loop control of molecular dynamics using photofragment momentum.
  • To demonstrate the application of this method to strong-field dissociation of small molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized velocity map imaging to capture 3D momentum maps of dissociating ions.
  • Implemented an 'onion-peeling' (back projection) algorithm for rapid inversion of 2D images to 3D momentum.
  • Integrated the 3D momentum reconstruction into a closed-loop adaptive control scheme with a genetic algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved image inversion in under 1 second for high-resolution (1040 × 1054 pixels) velocity map images.
  • Successfully demonstrated closed-loop adaptive control of molecular dissociation using real-time 3D momentum feedback.
  • Presented examples of optimizing strong-field dissociation of CO and O2 molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid 3D momentum reconstruction enables effective real-time feedback for ultrafast laser control.
  • The developed technique significantly advances the capability to steer molecular dynamics with high precision.
  • This approach opens new avenues for controlling chemical reactions at the femtosecond timescale.