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Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: normative values, reliability, and responsiveness
Richard W Bohannon1, Ying-Chih Wang2, Richard C Gershon3
1Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Objectives:
To provide (1) normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), (2) reference equations for the 2MWT, and (3) information on the reliability and responsiveness of the 2MWT across the adult lifespan.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
General community settings.
Participants:
A population-based sample of adult participants (N=1137) contributed data to this study, which was part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project.
Interventions:
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measure:
2MWT.
Results:
Overall, the distance participants walked ranged from 64.6 to 300.8m (mean, 180.9m). Men walked farther than did women (189.4m vs 176.0m; t=6.8; df=1,135; P<.001). Significant correlations were observed between the 2MWT and age (r=-.41), height (r=.29), weight (r=-.16), and body mass index (r=-.32). Age and body mass index were used in the linear regression modeling to predict the 2MWT distance (R(2)=.55-.56). Test-retest reliability of the 2MWT as characterized by the intraclass correlation coefficient was .82 (95% confidence interval, .76-.87). Based on a standard error of measurement of 15.3m, the minimum detectable change for the 2MWT was 42.5m.
Conclusions:
The study presents norms of the 2MWT established by the NIH Toolbox. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance across the lifespan.
