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Related Concept Videos

Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

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The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
695
Measurement of Air Content in Concrete01:23

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
The pressure method,...
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Fineness Modulus01:19

Fineness Modulus

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The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

834
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
834
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

685
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
685
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

596
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
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Soft sensor for real-time cement fineness estimation.

Darko Stanišić1, Nikola Jorgovanović1, Nikola Popov1

  • 1Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.

ISA Transactions
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study developed soft sensors, which are mathematical models, to estimate cement fineness in real-time. These sensors provide crucial quality control data, overcoming limitations of traditional off-line testing.

Keywords:
Cement finenessEstimationNeural-network modelsProduct qualitySoft sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Cement fineness is a critical quality parameter in cement production.
  • Traditional off-line laboratory tests for cement fineness have significant time delays.
  • Lack of real-time data on cement fineness hinders process optimization and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement soft sensors for real-time estimation of cement fineness.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional, infrequent off-line measurements.
  • To improve the monitoring and control of cement grinding processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized soft sensors, which are mathematical models, to estimate cement fineness.
  • Selected model inputs from process variables using an information theoretic approach.
  • Developed multi-layer perceptron models and analyzed their performance on laboratory samples.
  • Tested selected models on continuous cement production data for real-time estimation.

Main Results:

  • Soft sensors demonstrated satisfactory performance in real-time cement fineness estimation.
  • The implemented sensors provided valuable insights into cement grinding circuit performance.
  • On-site results confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the developed soft sensors.
  • The soft sensors successfully estimated cement fineness using available process data.

Conclusions:

  • Soft sensors offer a viable solution for real-time cement fineness monitoring.
  • The developed soft sensors enhance quality control and process understanding in cement manufacturing.
  • Real-time estimation of cement fineness using soft sensors leads to improved operational efficiency.