Pump thrombosis-A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma

Arie Blitz1

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Insights

Pump thrombosis (PT) is a serious complication. This review covers PT history, causes, prevention, diagnosis, and management, establishing foundations for future research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Pump thrombosis (PT) is a significant complication associated with mechanical circulatory support devices.
  • Understanding the historical context and clinical data of PT is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Etiologic factors contributing to PT require thorough elucidation to develop targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art regarding pump thrombosis (PT).
  • To elucidate the etiologic factors, preventive strategies, diagnostic modalities, and management principles of PT.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and establish foundations for future research in PT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical context and clinical data related to PT.
  • Elucidation of etiologic factors contributing to PT.
  • Exploration of preventive strategies, diagnostic modalities, and management principles for PT.

Main Results:

  • The manuscript details the historical evolution and clinical significance of PT.
  • Key etiologic factors, including device design and patient-specific conditions, are discussed.
  • Current preventive strategies, diagnostic tools, and management approaches are reviewed, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, PT remains a complex challenge in mechanical circulatory support.
  • Foundational knowledge has been established, but further research is imperative to fully solve the enigma of PT.
  • Future work should focus on refining preventive and therapeutic strategies based on a deeper understanding of PT's multifactorial nature.

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
1.4K
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
17
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
715
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
721
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
2.1K
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
16