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Forebrain organization for autonomic cardiovascular control.

J Kevin Shoemaker1, Katelyn N Norton2, J Baker2

  • 1Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7; Laboratory for Brain and Heart Health, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7.

Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers brain circuits controlling heart rate during exercise. Key areas like the insula and prefrontal cortex are involved in autonomic nervous system adjustments from both brain commands and muscle signals.

Keywords:
Cortical autonomic networkExerciseFunctional neuroimagingHandgrip

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system regulates cardiovascular function.
  • Volitional exercise involves complex central and peripheral neural pathways.
  • Cortical involvement in exercise-induced autonomic responses is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cortical circuitry underlying autonomic cardiovascular responses during volitional exercise in humans.
  • To highlight the interplay between central command and peripheral feedback mechanisms.
  • To identify common cortical areas involved in exercise-related autonomic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cortical control of autonomic responses during exercise.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and physiological data.
  • Synthesis of findings on central command and skeletal muscle afferent signaling.

Main Results:

  • Cortical circuitry for exercise-related autonomic control is still being elucidated.
  • Both top-down central command and bottom-up skeletal muscle signals contribute to autonomic adjustments.
  • Consistent involvement of the insula cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The cortical networks governing exercise-related cardiovascular responses are complex and adaptable.
  • Specific exercise types may modulate the pattern of cortical activation.
  • Further research is needed to fully map these intricate neural pathways.