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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Anaphylaxis and urticaria.

Kelli W Williams1, Hemant P Sharma2

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction affecting 2% of people, and urticaria, a common rash affecting 25%, are discussed. This overview covers their epidemiology, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisPreventionTreatmentUrticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction impacting up to 2% of the population.
  • Urticaria, or hives, is a common, bothersome skin rash affecting up to 25% of individuals.
  • While anaphylaxis requires expert evaluation, most urticaria cases are self-limiting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of anaphylaxis and urticaria.
  • To summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on anaphylaxis and urticaria.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, pathogenic mechanisms, common triggers, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis presents as a serious allergic emergency requiring prompt medical attention.
  • Urticaria manifests as transient, itchy wheals, often resolving without specific intervention.
  • Understanding triggers is crucial for managing both conditions effectively.

Conclusions:

  • Anaphylaxis and urticaria are significant allergic conditions with distinct clinical presentations and management needs.
  • This article consolidates current understanding to guide clinical practice and patient care.
  • Further research may elucidate more nuanced aspects of their pathogenesis and treatment.