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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
244
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

53
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Probiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Josef Neu1

  • 1University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Human Development Building, HD 112, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The routine use of probiotics for preterm infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains controversial. This review examines NEC, gut microbial ecology, probiotic studies, and future prevention strategies.

Keywords:
DysbiosisNecrotizing enterocolitisPathophysiologyProbiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant concern in preterm infants.
  • Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is implicated in NEC pathophysiology.
  • The role of probiotics in preventing NEC is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of NEC and its pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the gut microbial ecology in preterm infants and factors contributing to dysbiosis.
  • To summarize existing research on probiotic use in preterm infants for NEC prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on NEC, gut microbiota, and probiotics in preterm infants.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to intestinal dysbiosis.
  • Discussion of regulatory needs and alternative prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence on probiotic efficacy for NEC prevention is inconsistent.
  • Factors influencing gut microbiota composition in preterm infants are complex.
  • There is a need for standardized research and regulation regarding probiotics.

Conclusions:

  • Routine probiotic administration for NEC prevention in preterm infants is not yet established.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of probiotics and potential alternatives.
  • Future strategies may involve personalized approaches to gut health and NEC prevention.