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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
1.6K
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.0K
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
1.0K
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

2.9K
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.9K
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

8.0K
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
8.0K
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

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Electron imaging with an EBSD detector.

Stuart I Wright1, Matthew M Nowell1, René de Kloe2

  • 1EDAX, 392 East 12300 South, Suite H, Draper, UT 84020, USA.

Ultramicroscopy
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) can now create high-speed images using its detector, offering topographic and orientation contrast. This advancement allows for faster microstructure characterization in scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Keywords:
EBSDElectron imagingPRIASSynthetic-BSDVirtual FSD

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microscopy
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a key technique for analyzing crystallographic orientation in microstructures within scanning electron microscopes (SEM).
  • Traditional EBSD analysis involves pattern indexing, which can be time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of the EBSD detector as a high-speed imaging device.
  • To enable faster acquisition of microstructure images with topographic and orientation contrast.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-speed digital cameras with extreme binning (5x5 pixel patterns) for EBSD data acquisition.
  • Employing the EBSD detector as an imaging device without pattern indexing.
  • Forming images from a 5x5 array of pixels, each acting as a scattered electron detector.

Main Results:

  • High-speed image acquisition rates comparable to conventional SEM imaging are achievable.
  • Images with topographic, atomic density, and orientation contrast can be generated.
  • Image data can be acquired during scans or post-processed from existing EBSD patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The EBSD detector can function as an effective imaging device for rapid microstructure visualization.
  • This method facilitates correlative analysis with traditional EBSD orientation data and X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) chemical data.