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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: September 20, 2015

Beyond BOLD: optimizing functional imaging in stroke populations.

Michele Veldsman¹, Toby Cumming, Amy Brodtmann

¹The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Human Brain Mapping

|December 4, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in functional MRI (fMRI) may not accurately reflect neural activity in stroke patients due to complex changes. Resting-state fMRI offers a promising alternative for assessing brain function in stroke recovery.

Keywords:

MRI aging brain cerebrovascular accident connectivity functional multimodal imaging neurovascular coupling perfusion vascular injury

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Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Clinical Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are commonly assumed to directly indicate neural activity.
This assumption is challenged in stroke populations due to structural, vascular, and physiological alterations, including perilesional changes, distant remodeling, and altered perfusion.
Standard fMRI analysis pipelines, often based on young healthy populations, may not be appropriate for older stroke patients with complex neurovascular coupling changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the limitations of BOLD-fMRI in stroke populations.
To highlight the inappropriateness of the canonical hemodynamic response function for estimating neural activity post-stroke.
To discuss alternative methods for assessing neural activity in stroke patients.

Main Methods:

Review of existing evidence on BOLD-fMRI assumptions and their deviations in stroke.
Analysis of challenges in neurovascular coupling and hemodynamic response function in stroke.
Evaluation of resting-state functional connectivity as an alternative fMRI approach.

Main Results:

The fundamental assumption of neurovascular coupling in BOLD-fMRI is compromised by stroke-related pathological and recovery processes.
Standard BOLD-fMRI analysis may yield inaccurate estimations of neural activity in stroke patients.
Resting-state fMRI demonstrates potential for evaluating network-based pathology beyond lesion sites without performance demands.

Conclusions:

BOLD-fMRI's core assumptions are often violated in stroke populations, necessitating cautious interpretation.
Alternative neuroimaging methods, such as resting-state fMRI, are crucial for accurately assessing brain function and connectivity in stroke recovery.
Resting-state fMRI offers a viable, non-demanding approach for stroke neuroimaging research and clinical application.