Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Two-Dimensional Force System01:20

Two-Dimensional Force System

1.8K
A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
1.8K
Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System

3.1K
In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
3.1K
Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

1.5K
A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
1.5K
Central-Force Motion01:17

Central-Force Motion

947
The central force system operates by exerting a force on an object directed towards a fixed point, typically the origin, with the force magnitude determined by the object's distance from this fixed point. In the context of an object with mass 'm,' polar coordinates are employed to express the equation of motion. Notably, the azimuthal component of force is nonexistent in this system. A comprehensive rewrite and integration of this equation reveal that the product of the squared...
947
Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving01:29

Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving

1.5K
Solving problems related to two-dimensional force systems is an essential aspect of mechanics and engineering. By applying the principles of vector analysis and force equilibrium, one can determine the effect of multiple forces acting on an object in a two-dimensional space.
The first step to solving a two-dimensional force system problem is to draw a free-body diagram of the object under consideration. This diagram helps identify all the external forces acting on the object, including their...
1.5K
Coplanar Forces01:25

Coplanar Forces

6.9K
Consider an object upon which multiple forces are acting. If the lines of action of each force lie within the same plane, the system can be considered coplanar. The Cartesian vector form can be used to resolve each force into its respective components. For a coplanar system, the system will be in equilibrium if each component of the resultant force equals zero and the resultant force on the system is zero. If the sum of the forces is not equal to zero, then the object will not be in equilibrium...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synergic practice with a body-machine interface: implications for individual and collective motor learning.

Journal of neural engineering·2025
Same author

Learning to Control Complex Robots Using High-Dimensional Body-Machine Interfaces.

ACM transactions on human-robot interaction·2024
Same author

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Application of EMG to estimate muscle force.

Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·2024
Same author

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Checklist for reporting and critically appraising studies using EMG (CEDE-Check).

Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·2024
Same author

An Exploratory Multi-Session Study of Learning High-Dimensional Body-Machine Interfacing for Assistive Robot Control.

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]·2023
Same author

Using adversarial networks to extend brain computer interface decoding accuracy over time.

eLife·2023
Same journal

Molecular links between reelin downregulation, topoisomerase IIβ alterations, and proteins involved in Alzheimer pathology in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Motor cortex excitability during spine shape-judgment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a TMS motor evoked potential study.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Trajectory dynamics and endpoint accuracy in targeted ballistic contractions.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Exploring Sevoflurane promotes hippocampal neuron mitophagy in elderly postoperative cognitive dysfunction by HSP90AA1 based on network pharmacology.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Loading modulates monosynaptic transmission from spindle primary afferents to motoneurons in humans.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Energy-dependent cortical injury thresholds in high-frequency transcortical electrical stimulation: a biophysical study in a rat model.

Experimental brain research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.9K

The coordinate system for force control.

Devjani J Saha1, Xiao Hu, Eric Perreault

  • 1Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, dsaha4@gmail.com.

Experimental Brain Research
|December 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored how the brain controls arm movements, finding that force control primarily uses intrinsic (joint) coordinates, though some individuals also utilize extrinsic (external) frames. This reveals flexibility in the central nervous system

More Related Videos

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

8.3K
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.9K
Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

8.3K
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding how the central nervous system (CNS) represents and controls forces is crucial for explaining motor behavior.
  • The CNS must map desired forces onto joint torques, a process potentially occurring in different coordinate frames (extrinsic or intrinsic).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the coordinate frame used for force control during a motor task.
  • To investigate whether force representation varies across the workspace and with different arm configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects applied forces of a specific magnitude in the transverse plane with their hand.
  • The parallel transport method from differential geometry was used to analyze net joint torques.
  • Force variability was compared across seven different arm configurations.

Main Results:

  • The majority of subjects showed force variability consistent with an invariant representation in intrinsic (joint) coordinates.
  • Two out of eleven subjects demonstrated a preference for extrinsic (external) coordinate representation.
  • This suggests the CNS can utilize both coordinate frames for force representation.

Conclusions:

  • The CNS predominantly represents contact forces in intrinsic joint coordinates.
  • A subset of individuals also shows capacity for extrinsic force representation, indicating adaptable motor control strategies.
  • These findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of force control and motor adaptation.