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Concepts in Navel Aesthetic: A Comprehensive Surface Anatomy Analysis
Giuseppe Visconti1, Emiliano Visconti, Lorenzo Bonomo
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Università Cattolica del "Sacro Cuore" - University Hospital "A. Gemelli", Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy, joevisconti@hotmail.com.
The ideal navel position aligns with the golden ratio, offering aesthetic appeal. This study suggests using the Fibonacci caliper for precise navel placement in cosmetic surgery.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Aesthetic Medicine
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- The navel significantly impacts abdominal aesthetics and identity.
- Increasing fashion trends highlight the navel, raising concerns about its shape and position.
- Limited research exists on navel anatomy and standardization for cosmetic abdominoplasty.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze navel shape and position preferences.
- To establish aesthetic guidelines for navel placement in abdominoplasty.
- To identify reliable references for optimal navel positioning.
Main Methods:
- Observational analysis of 81 high-quality images of models.
- Online survey on navel aesthetics involving 1,682 participants.
- Evaluation of navel position ratios, including the xiphoid-umbilicus:umbilicus-abdominal crease ratio.
Main Results:
- The xiphoid-umbilicus:umbilicus-abdominal crease ratio showed a narrow data spread (1.62 ± 0.16).
- The preferred navel shape is a vertical oval with superior hooding (82%).
- Navel positions adjusted to the golden ratio (1.618) were most favored.
Conclusions:
- The golden ratio for navel positioning (xiphoid-umbilicus:umbilicus-abdominal crease) is aesthetically preferred.
- Bony landmarks are unreliable for precise navel placement in abdominoplasty.
- Intraoperative use of a Fibonacci (golden mean) caliper can guide optimal navel positioning.
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