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Temporal coherence of propagating surface plasmons.

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    Investigating surface plasmon coherence with a scanning tunneling microscope revealed no additional coherence loss during propagation or scattering. Plasmons maintain coherence, allowing estimation of their coherence time from spectral bandwidth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Condensed matter physics
    • Plasmonics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Surface plasmons are collective electron oscillations at metal-dielectric interfaces.
    • Understanding their temporal coherence is crucial for nanoscale optical applications.
    • Previous studies lacked direct measurements of coherence during propagation and scattering.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate the temporal coherence of propagating surface plasmons.
    • To determine if propagation, scattering, or other dephasing processes affect plasmon coherence.
    • To establish a method for estimating plasmon coherence time.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a scanning tunneling microscope as a local, broadband plasmon source.
    • Performed a variant of Young's double-slit experiment with surface plasmons.
    • Employed a 200-nm-thick gold film with two perforated holes (1-μm diameter, 4 or 6 μm separation).
    • Analyzed interference fringes as a function of hole separation and source bandwidth.

    Main Results:

    • Observed interference fringes indicative of coherent surface plasmon propagation.
    • Found no significant loss of plasmon coherence beyond intrinsic plasmon decay in the gold film.
    • Demonstrated that scattering at holes and other dephasing processes do not further reduce coherence.

    Conclusions:

    • Propagating surface plasmons exhibit high temporal coherence.
    • Intrinsic plasmon decay is the dominant factor limiting coherence time.
    • Plasmon coherence time can be reliably estimated from the spectral bandwidth of the plasmon source.