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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

2.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.9K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.7K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.7K

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Qubit Architecture with High Coherence and Fast Tunable Coupling.

Yu Chen1, C Neill1, P Roushan1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a superconducting qubit architecture with tunable coupling, solving frequency crowding issues. This versatile platform enables faster quantum gates and simulations, paving the way for quantum computation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing and simulation
  • Superconducting circuits
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Fixed coupling in superconducting qubits leads to frequency crowding.
  • Scalable quantum computation requires high-coherence qubits and flexible control.
  • Existing architectures face limitations in qubit-qubit interaction management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel superconducting qubit architecture.
  • Demonstrate protection against frequency crowding.
  • Enable dynamic control of qubit coupling for advanced quantum operations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a superconducting qubit architecture with tunable qubit-qubit coupling.
  • Implemented dynamic coupling with nanosecond resolution.
  • Designed and executed a novel adiabatic controlled-Z gate.

Main Results:

  • Architecture is protected from frequency crowding by setting coupling to zero.
  • Achieved dynamic coupling control, enabling versatile applications.
  • Demonstrated a fast adiabatic controlled-Z gate, approaching single-qubit gate speeds.

Conclusions:

  • The tunable coupling architecture offers a promising solution to frequency crowding.
  • Dynamic coupling provides a versatile platform for quantum logic and simulation.
  • This architecture represents a significant step towards scalable quantum computation.