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Related Concept Videos

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

5.4K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
5.4K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.6K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.6K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

23.9K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

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Electrically switchable multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystal based on chiral ionic liquid.

Hongbo Lu, Wei Xu, Zhigang Song

    Optics Letters
    |December 16, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates a multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystal using chiral ionic liquid, switchable via electric fields. It maintains four stable states for hours at room temperature, offering potential for advanced display technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Electro-optics

    Background:

    • Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) exhibit unique optical properties.
    • Achieving multi-stability and electrical switchability in CLCs is a key challenge.
    • Chiral ionic liquids offer promising avenues for novel CLC materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a multi-stable and electrically switchable cholesteric liquid crystal.
    • To investigate the switching behavior among different textures.
    • To characterize the electro-optical properties and driving schemes.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a cholesteric liquid crystal device utilizing a chiral ionic liquid.
    • Application of specific electric fields to induce texture transitions.
    • Observation and characterization of the resulting textures and their stability.
    • Measurement of electro-optical properties and development of driving schemes.

    Main Results:

    • A multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystal based on chiral ionic liquid was successfully demonstrated.
    • The liquid crystal exhibited stable switching between planar, focal conic, wide-band reflected, and fingerprint textures.
    • These four distinct states remained stable for several hours at room temperature without degradation.
    • Electro-optical properties and a driving scheme for the material were reported.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed chiral ionic liquid-based cholesteric liquid crystal offers robust multi-stability and electrical switchability.
    • The material's ability to maintain stable states at room temperature is advantageous for practical applications.
    • This work paves the way for advanced display and photonic devices utilizing electrically addressable liquid crystal textures.