[Adaptation of water-electrolytes metabolism to space flight and in its imitation]

50-years study of water-electrolytes exchange, the condition of water environments of the organism and the hormonal regulation in space flights, and also in postflight period or in its on ground modeling (hypokinesia, bed rest, immersion etc.) has shown the important role of the water-salt homeostasis in adaptation of the human and animal organisms to weightlessness. It has been revealed, that in weightlessness conditions for development of negative balance of a liquid (hypohydration) and the basic electrolytes are created. After the termination of long space flights attributes of development adaptive reactions compensating for extracellular liquid's volume come to light. In order to assess the state of the kidneys and water-electrolyte metabolism in cosmonauts and investigators, functional load tests and especial methods of diagnostic were developed. This is the basis for researches directed on improvement of the scheme of correction hydrogenous the status of an organism of the cosmonauts at the different stages of flight.