Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 19, 2026
08:58
En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
Published on: February 25, 2016
10.2K
Tipping off endothelial tubes: nitric oxide drives tip cells
Mani Krishna Priya1, Giriraj Sahu, David R Soto-Pantoja
1AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India.
Angiogenesis
|December 17, 2014
Summary
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling is crucial for tip cell formation during angiogenesis. This pathway guides tip cell migration, initiating new blood vessel development.
Area of Science:
- Vascular biology
- Cell signaling
- Biomedical research
Background:
- Angiogenesis involves complex cellular processes including tip and stalk cell formation.
- Nitric oxide (NO) is known to modulate angiogenesis, but its specific role in tip cell formation is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/NO/cyclic GMP (cGMP) signaling in tip cell formation during angiogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Primary endothelial cell culture.
- Sub-cellular localization and phosphorylation of eNOS.
- Live cell NO imaging.
- cGMP level analysis.
- Pharmacological inhibition and induction of NO signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- eNOS localized to the anterior of tip cells and was phosphorylated at serine 1177.
- Loss of eNOS impaired tip cell formation.
- Tip cells exhibited higher NO and cGMP levels compared to stalk cells.
- NO signaling acts via the sGC/cGMP pathway to promote tip cell migration.
Conclusions:
- eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling is essential for defining tip cell migration direction.
- This signaling pathway initiates new blood vessel formation by guiding tip cells.
More Related Videos
08:32Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
Published on: March 16, 2017
13.5K
![Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F54014.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
09:39Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production
Published on: May 19, 2016
9.2K
Related Concept Videos
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
7.0K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
7.0K
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
4.0K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
4.0K
01:10Mechanism of Angiogenesis
7.9K
Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
7.9K
01:21Paracrine Signaling
60.9K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
60.9K
01:17Autoregulation of Blood Flow
10.4K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
10.4K
01:15Structure of Blood Vessels
13.5K
Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
13.5K