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Related Experiment Videos

Corticospinal potentials after transcranial stimulation in humans.

M Inghilleri1, A Berardelli, G Cruccu

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Roma, Italia.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial electrical stimulation in humans reveals a descending volley with an early wave (66 m/s conduction velocity) and later waves. These responses show distinct recovery cycles, similar to animal D and I waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive technique to probe the central nervous system.
  • Understanding the properties of descending volleys evoked by TES is crucial for interpreting neurophysiological responses.
  • Previous studies in animals identified distinct D and I waves during cortical stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the descending volley evoked by scalp TES in humans.
  • To determine the conduction velocity and recovery cycle of these volleys.
  • To investigate the potential equivalence between human TES-evoked waves and animal D and I waves.

Main Methods:

  • Recording of descending volleys using epidural and spinal electrodes following scalp TES in human participants.

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  • Systematic variation of stimulus intensity to analyze wave amplitude and latency.
  • Paired-pulse TES with varying inter-stimulus intervals (0.5–10 ms) to assess the recovery cycle of evoked waves.

    • Main Results:

    • An early wave with a mean conduction velocity of 66 m/s (SD 2.5 m/s) was consistently recorded.
    • Stimulus intensity modulated the early wave's amplitude and latency; later waves appeared at high intensities.
    • The early wave showed 50% recovery at 1 ms and full recovery by 3.5 ms; later waves recovered fully after 3.5 ms.

    Conclusions:

    • The early and later waves recorded in humans following scalp TES share characteristics with animal D and I waves, respectively.
    • TES provides a valuable tool for studying descending motor pathway excitability and recovery dynamics in humans.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of TES and its potential applications.