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Sequential healing at implants installed immediately into extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs.

Tomaso Mainetti1, Niklaus P Lang2,3, Franco Bengazi1

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba.

Clinical Oral Implants Research
|December 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dental implants placed immediately after tooth extraction show similar osseointegration patterns to those in healed bone. This suggests comparable healing outcomes for immediate implant placement and healed sites without functional loading.

Keywords:
animal studyextraction socketshistologyimplants placed immediately into extraction socketssequential healingwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Oral Surgery
  • Histology

Background:

  • Alveolar bone healing is crucial for dental implant success.
  • Immediate implant placement into extraction sockets is a common procedure.
  • Understanding sequential osseointegration is key to optimizing implant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the histological healing process of dental implants placed in healed alveolar bone versus immediately after tooth extraction.
  • To evaluate new bone apposition and old bone resorption around implants at different time points.
  • To assess the coronal termination level of osseointegration in both conditions.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized a canine mandible model.
  • Implants were placed in healed molar sites and immediate extraction sockets of premolars.
  • Histological analysis of biopsies was performed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • New bone apposition was slightly higher in healed sites (7.4%) versus immediate placement (4.1%) at 1 week, becoming similar by 3 months (67.3% vs 65.3%).
  • Old bone resorption decreased significantly over time in both groups, reaching minimal levels by 3 months.
  • The coronal termination level of osseointegration differed at 1 week but was comparable between groups at 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • Dental implants exhibit similar sequential osseointegration patterns whether placed in healed bone or immediately into extraction sockets.
  • The initial differences in osseointegration levels and coronal termination resolve by 3 months.
  • Immediate implant placement without functional load demonstrates comparable healing to implants in pre-healed bone.