Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

16.1K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
16.1K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

8.1K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
8.1K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

2.9K
2.9K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

17.7K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
17.7K
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

10.8K
10.8K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

41.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
41.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Yap mediates hippo signaling to balance proliferation and differentiation in the developing glandular stomach epithelium.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Forsythia suspensa accelerates wound healing by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps and activating Wnt/β-catenin via forsythoside A.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026
Same author

Machine Learning-Based Bias-Corrected Future Projections of Ozone Concentrations from a Chemistry-Climate Model.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Activated Hedgehog signaling in keratocytes leads to stromal stiffness and impairs corneal regeneration.

NPJ Regenerative medicine·2026
Same author

Macro- and microplastic emissions and marine input flux in the Yangtze River Delta, China, from 1990 to 2020.

Marine pollution bulletin·2026
Same author

Designing Hierarchical Porous Amorphous MoC<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanoflowers for Efficient Electrocatalysis.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

The oocytes of basal dermapterans lack the posterior pole lysosomal compartment (PPLC).

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

A central role for Islr2 (Linx) in direct pathway striatal projection neurons for the correct formation of the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Shared candidate genes associated with variation in egg size in cold-adapted and artificially selected Drosophila melanogaster.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

The molecular mechanism underlying melatonin-mediated repair of ovarian damage in mice exposed to abnormal light cycles.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

The Drosophila ovarian terminal filament imports lipophilic molecules that support cyst and follicle development within the ovariole.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Controls Distal Lung Formation via Wnt and PDGF Signaling.

Developmental biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
09:20

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

7.7K

Foxp1/2/4 regulate endochondral ossification as a suppresser complex.

Haixia Zhao1, Wenrong Zhou1, Zhengju Yao1

  • 1Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Developmental Biology
|December 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forkhead-box P (Foxp) proteins are identified as crucial repressors in bone development. Their dysregulation disrupts osteoblast formation and chondrocyte hypertrophy, revealing a novel regulatory network in endochondral ossification.

Keywords:
Endochondral ossificationFoxp1Foxp2Foxp4OsteoblastTranscriptional repressor

More Related Videos

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.6K
Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
09:20

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

7.7K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.6K
Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteoblast induction and differentiation are regulated by transcriptional activators and repressors.
  • The network of repressors controlling skeletal development is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel repressors involved in endochondral ossification.
  • To elucidate the role of Forkhead-box P (Foxp) proteins in skeletal development.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated Foxp1/2/4 protein expression in developing long bones.
  • Utilized loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models.
  • Performed in vitro and in vivo protein interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • Foxp1/2/4 proteins are expressed in perichondrial progenitors and chondrocytes during endochondral ossification.
  • Foxp mutations caused significant appendicular skeleton defects.
  • Overexpression of Foxp1/2/4 inhibited osteoblast formation and chondrocyte hypertrophy.
  • Foxp deficiency led to premature osteoblast differentiation and impaired chondrocyte function.
  • Foxp1/2/4 proteins interact with and repress Runx2 activity.

Conclusions:

  • Foxp1/2/4 proteins act as key regulators of osteogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy.
  • A novel transcriptional repressor network involving Foxp1/2/4 regulates Runx2 during endochondral ossification.